The legal framework of the two countries consists of 150 interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements. On July 31, 1992, an Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation was signed in Moscow. On its basis, on April 23, 2002, Presidents Saparmurat Niyazov and Vladimir Putin signed a new Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Russia and Turkmenistan in Ashgabat. The Presidents of the two countries have repeatedly exchanged visits. Regular contacts are carried out between the heads of ministries and departments.

The trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Turkmenistan is based on the provisions of the intergovernmental free trade agreement of November 11, 1992 and on a trade and economic cooperation agreement of August 30, 2008. 

The Intergovernmental Russian-Turkmen Commission for Economic Cooperation is an effective mechanism for regulating and developing bilateral trade and economic cooperation. 

On May 18, 1995, an agreement was signed between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Turkmenistan on military-technical cooperation. An additional legislative framework is provided by international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation with the States of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (Commonwealth of Independent States) in the field of military-technical cooperation. 

Rostec State Corporation has a representative office in Turkmenistan that ensures Rosoboronexport's interests.